Aéro-News ( protection des données personnelles ) – il y avait du monde à ce Rendez-vous incontournable de la cybersécurité, pour ce second ESET Security Days, tant le sujet à l’atffiche retenait l’attention. ESET Security Days a réussi réuniune centaine de décideurs en sécurité informatique, ainsi que les représentants de la Presse spécialisée, au Mövenpick Hôtel des Berges du Lac de Tunis, ce jeudi 27 septembre 2018.
Pour ce débat sur la protection de données personnelles en Tunisie et des meilleures pratiques pour y parvenir, le degré de concentration de l’assistance était au plus haut niveau. Les exposés et débats menés par un Benoit Grunemwald, Directeur des Opérations ESET, en super forme ont décortiqué l’apport de l’Intelligence Artificielle et la classification des données, mais aussi les aspects règlementaires.
L’ère est à l’espionnage industriel, voire même espionnage tout court, comme le fait remarquer en guise d’introduction Benoit Grunemwald, cybersecurity leader chez ESET, en rappelant les nombreuses dernières affaires d’espionnage de corps diplomatiques étrangers à travers le monde, un domaine dans lequel ESET mène des recherches avancées.
La donnée, ce « nouvel Or Noir du 21e siècle »
La donnée, ce « nouvel Or Noir du 21e siècle », est bien sûr au cœur de toutes ces affaires et de toutes les convoitises, mais aussi au cœur de la vie personnelle de millions de citoyens. Cela en fait un sujet absolument central aujourd’hui que ce second ESET Security Days a souhaité aborder.
C’est pourquoi la table ronde consacrée au RGPD (la nouvelle réglementation de l’Union européenne qui s’applique à tous)et à la protection des données personnelles en Tunisie était très attendue.
Le panel réunissait des experts du public, tels queMr Fadhel Ghajati, Responsable SMSI à l’ANSI, l’Agence Nationale de la Sécurité Informatique, et Mr Chawki Gaddes, Président de l’INPDP « Instance Nationale de Protection des Données Personnelles », ainsi que du secteur privé Mr Nizar Alaya, Directeur Associé chez Devoteam Management Consulting, et Benoit Grunemwald, cybersecurity leader chez ESET.
Deux notions étaient clés durant leurs échanges : comment la réglementation doit encadrer les entreprises afin qu’elles protègent mieux les données personnelles de leurs clientstout en modérant les ambitions des grands acteurs tels les GAFA, et comment la classification des données est une démarche essentielle au sein des entreprises pour se mettre en ordre de bataille !
Sur le plan règlementaire, les participants ont tout d’abord débattu de la notion de propriété de la donnée : qui est propriétaire deses données personnelles ? L’INPDP, qui s’apprête à publier une prise de position très attendue sur le sujet, considère que la donnée personnelle est à l’image des organes du corps humain : incessibles ! « Elles font partie de la personne humaine et ne peuvent être vendues. Il n’y a pas de transfert de propriété possible. On peut la traiter, on peut donner l’autorisation de l’utiliser, mais on ne peut pas abandonner son droit sur sa donnée personnelle, comme cela est possible aux États-Unis », précise Mr Chawki Gaddes, Président de l’INPDP.
Déclaration de M. Chawki Gaddes, Président de l’INPDP, accordée à Tunisie-Tribune et iT-News :
Pour autant, c’est bien ce que font quotidiennement les milliers de citoyens qui confient leurs données personnelles aux GAFA en utilisant leurs services !
Mais est-ce pour autant raisonnable, par exemple,« d’arrêter d’utiliser Gmail par peur du Cloud Act américain ? », relance Benoit Grunemwald d’ESET.
Car bien entendu, les officiels Tunisiens présents disposent tous d’un email chiffré et sécurisé. Mais comment peut faire la petite entreprise qui ne jouit pas des mêmes ressources ? D’ailleurs, comme le fait remarquer Mr Nizar Alaya, Directeur Associé chez Devoteam: eux-mêmes utilisent les outils Google ! « Oui, maisil faut savoir ce que l’on envoie, et ne pas utiliser ces services pour des choses stratégiques », répond Mr Chawki Gaddes, Président de l’INPDP.
Les participants sont toutefois tous d’accord pour reconnaitre que les choses évoluent dans le bon sens. Des alternatives à ces services apparaitront, et, surtout, le cadre règlementaire s’adapte.
Dès le début des années 2000, et en particulier avec la loi informatique de 2004, la Tunisie a ainsi été le premier pays du continent africain et du monde arabe à se doter d’une loi sur la protection des données personnelles. Et avec le projet de loi en cours, elle instaurera également le fameux « droit à l’oubli », qui permet à chacun de faire déréférencer ses données personnelles sur les différents moteurs de recherche.
Par ailleurs, l’ANSI, qui oblige depuis la loi de 2004 les entreprises tunisiennes à réaliser un audit de sécurité informatique par an, s’apprête désormais à recevoir le renfort de l’INPDP, qui pourra signaler et sanctionner les entreprises réalisant des traitements de données personnelles sans avoir mené leur audit préalable.
Mais alors, justement, comment les entreprises peuvent-elles protéger leurs données pour éviter d’être sanctionnées ? Sur ce point, les experts du panel sont unanimes : on ne peut bien protéger que ce que l’on voit ! La classification des données, qui permet de recenser toutes les données de l’entreprise, est donc une étape absolument vitale de toute stratégie de protection.
La classification permet notamment de mettre les bons efforts (et les bons budgets !) sur les données qui doivent vraiment être protégées : « Il y a peut-être un SMIC, un minimum de sécurité, à appliquer à toutes les données, mais il y a aussi des données qui doivent, en raison de leur natureplus sensible, bénéficier d’un traitement particulier », explique Mr Nizar Alaya, Directeur Associé chez Devoteam. Et c’est d’ailleurs pour cela que Devoteamvient de créer des classes de données, qui aideront les entreprises à mieux qualifier leur « Or numérique » et donc mieux le garder !
Cette étape de classification est certes laborieuse, mais elle bénéficie aujourd’hui du renfort de l’Intelligence Artificielle, très adaptée à ce type de tâche et qui permet de trier plus aisément de grandes masses de données.À condition, toutefois, de veiller à entrainer les algorithmes de manière fiable et sécurisée, afin d’éviter leur manipulation par des attaquants (des attaques subtiles qui, généralement, passent inaperçues jusqu’à l’incident, comme l’a démontré ESET dans une présentation un peu plus tôt dans la journée)
Enfin, et en guise de conclusion, nos experts ont souligné l’importance capitale de la sensibilisation et de la formation du personnel aux risques numériques. « C’est absolument vital, et lorsque ce n’est pas fait, ça peut mener, comme cela est déjà arrivé, à ce que le dossier médical d’un ancien président se retrouve dans la nature », conclut Mr Chawki Gaddes, Président de l’INPDP.
Déclaration de M. Benoit Grunemwald, cybersecurity leader chez ESET, accordée à Tunisie-Tribune et iT-News :
À propos d’ESET
Fondée en 1992, la société ESET est spécialisée dans la conception et le développement de logiciels de sécurité pour les entreprises et le grand public (avecrespectivement les rangs de 4ème et 5ème mondial). Pionnier en matière de détection proactive des menaces véhiculées par l’Internet, ESET est aujourd’hui le leader dans ce domaine. Il est désigné comme l’unique Challenger dans le Magic Quadrant 2018 de Gartner, catégorie Endpoint Protection Platforms.
À ce jour, l’antivirus ESET Nod32 détient le record mondial de récompenses décernées par le laboratoire indépendant Virus Bulletin depuis 1998. Les solutions ESET protègent aujourd’hui plus de 600 millions de postes dans le monde.
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